Thursday, 1 April 2021

Verse 2. Sutra Five - The Mirror King

He is always conscious to attain the highest virtuous deeds,

The greatest in what he sees and hears.

Already sunken and bound by the five life dwellings,

Can he really in his supreme conduct surpass another.

常自覺得尊行,
Cháng zì juédé zūn xíng.  
自聞見行無比。
zì wén jiàn xíng wúbǐ.
已墮繫世五宅,  
Yǐ duò xì shì wǔ zhái,
自可奇行勝彼。
zì kě qíxíng shèng bǐ.

Parallel: The Pali Sutta Nipata, Atthakavagga, Chap. 5, Verse 797

Discussion: 世五宅 (shì wǔ zhái) in the 3rd line translated as the five life dwellings, could possibly be understood as the five skandhas (Sanskrit).

Monday, 29 March 2021

Verse 1. Sutra Five - The Mirror King

Finding himself in darkness yet [declaring] those other [views] inferior,

Grasping in confusion with outflows exposed when will he [ever] have insight?

He is without a path himself yet speaks of much learning and knowledge,

But in confusion and laking effort when will he [ever] be liberated?


自冥言是彼不及,  
Zì míng yán shì bǐ bùjí,
著癡日漏何時明?
 zhe chī rì lòu héshí míng?
自無道謂學悉爾,  
 Zì wúdào wèi xué xī ěr,
但亂無行何時解
 dàn luàn wú xíng héshí jiě?

Parallel: The Pali Sutta Nipata, Atthakavagga, Chap. 5, Verse 796

Discussion: 漏 (lòu) in the second line translated as outflows is the Sanskrit equivalent of āsrava and in Pāli as āsava.


Sunday, 28 March 2021

Title of Sutra Five from Yì Zú Jīng

Sutra Five - The Mirror King 

鏡面王經第五
Jìngmiàn wáng jīng dì wǔ

Parallel: The Pali Sutta Nipata, Atthakavagga, Paramaṭṭhakasutta - Chapter 5. The Highest

Discussion: The prose text introducing the Arthapada verse is set in Sravasti where the Buddha and his mendicants are staying. The mendicants attend a discussion meeting held by Brahmans where they witness various Brahman teachers argue and throw insults amongst themselves to who has the proper dharma and path. 

On recounting this to the Buddha, the Buddha tells a story of a past king who summons blind men to his court and gives them the task on working out what they are touching. Unknown to them it is an elephant, each gives a different account (this of course is a famous story in India). The buddha then declares that he was the king in a past life and the Brahmans the blind men. 

Saturday, 27 March 2021

Verse 8. Sutra 4 - Makara Brahman

Possessor of nothing he acts as a [true] Brahman,

Hearing the dharma he continually acts skilfully,

Not lustful from passions he remains undefiled by lustfulness,

Nothing more of him here [needs] purifying. 

所當有悉裂去,
Suǒ dāng yǒu xī liè qù,  
所道說無愛著,
suǒ dào shuō wú àizhe,
已不著亦可離,
yǐ bùzháo yì kě lí,  
從行拔悉捨去。
cóng xíng bá xī shě qù.

Parallel: The Pali Sutta Nipata, Atthakavagga - Chap. 4, Verse 795


Thursday, 25 March 2021

Verse 7. Sutra 4 - Makara Brahman

Does not hold on to his own ideas nor [says] this is the highest idea,

Unwilling to practice [what others say is] the purist,

Not grasping, liking and disliking he has given up,

With no grasping after it he has given up the world of desire.

不念身不念尊,  
Bù niàn shēn bù niàn zūn,
亦不願行至淨,
 yì bù yuàn xíng zhì jìng,
恩怨斷無所著,  
ēnyuàn duàn wú suǒzhe,
斷世願無所著。
duàn shì yuàn wú suǒzhe.

Parallel: The Pali Sutta Nipata, Atthakavagga - Chap. 4, Verse 794


Monday, 15 March 2021

Verse 6. Sutra 4 - Makara Brahman

He has no doubt regarding any dharma,

To what one sees and hears or thinks,

Practicing with complete understanding he exerts his faculties thoroughly,

Who here can act as one in the world possessing the five spiritual faculties?

一切法無有疑,
Yīqiè fǎ wú yǒu yí,  
至見聞亦所念,
zhì jiànwén yì suǒ niàn,
諦見聞行力根,   
dì jiànwén xíng lì gēn,
誰作世是六衰?
shuí zuò shì shì liù shuāi?

Parallel: The Pali Sutta Nipata, Atthakavagga - Chap. 4, Verse 793

Discussion: 六衰 (liù shuāi) in the last line is the Sanskrit equivalent of ṣaḍ-indriya. Which can be translated as the five spiritual faculties. In the Pali canon these are: faith, energy, mindfulness, concentration and wisdom. 



Saturday, 13 March 2021

Verse 5. Sutra 4 - Makara Brahman

Constantly seeking awakening by means of observing precepts,

Those suffer when in servitude to apperceptions,

The reciter of knowledge even a little enters a path, 

Not correcting their doctrines,  the wise possess understanding.

常覺意守戒行,  
Cháng jué yì shǒu jiè xíng,
在上行想彼苦,
zài shàngxíng xiǎng bǐ kǔ,
念本念稍入行,  
niàn běn niàn shāo rùxíng,
不矯言審有黠。
bù jiǎo yán shěn yǒu xiá.


Parallel: The Pali Sutta Nipata, Atthakavagga - Chap. 4, Verse 792

Discussion: The Pali parallel verse could be read as indicating Brahmanic knowledge in the 3rd line.

Friday, 12 March 2021

Verse 4. Sutra 4 - Makara Brahman

For knowledge he goes forward to [another] teacher, unmindful he abandons [the former],

Those existing [in this way] are [unable] to cross the four seas,

Giving up in going forward they remember not their [past] suffering,

After only some consideration they are easy bond too ideas.

悉棄上莫念後,
Xī qì shàng mò niàn hòu,  
有是行度四海,
yǒu shì xíng dù sìhǎi,
直行去莫念苦,   
zhíxíng qù mò niàn kǔ,
有所念意便縛
yǒu suǒ niàn yì biàn fù.

Parallel: The Pali Sutta Nipata, Atthakavagga - Chap. 4, Verse 791

Discussion: 四海 (sìhǎi) translated as the four seas in the second line, refers to the flood of cravings, existences, dogmas and ignorance, as described in other buddhist texts. The second line in the Pali parallel is given in the negative, I've followed this lead which gives a better fit in the context of the whole verse.